Note frequencies at standard pitch A4 = 440 Hz: middle C (C4) = 261.63 Hz, A4 = 440 Hz, the lowest piano note A0 = 27.50 Hz and the highest C8 = 4,186.01 Hz. Each octave doubles the frequency and each semitone multiplies it by 1.0595. The chart below lists all 108 notes from C0 to B8.
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Note to Frequency Converter
Type or tap any note to get its frequency, play it, and switch the reference to 432, 442 or a custom A4. Every octave of the note is shown at once.
Convert and play a note →Note Frequency Chart (A4 = 440 Hz)
Find the note in the left column and the octave across the top. Values are in hertz, 12-tone equal temperament, rounded to two decimals.
| Note | Octave 0 | Octave 1 | Octave 2 | Octave 3 | Octave 4 | Octave 5 | Octave 6 | Octave 7 | Octave 8 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C | 16.35 | 32.70 | 65.41 | 130.81 | 261.63 | 523.25 | 1,046.50 | 2,093.00 | 4,186.01 |
| C♯/D♭ | 17.32 | 34.65 | 69.30 | 138.59 | 277.18 | 554.37 | 1,108.73 | 2,217.46 | 4,434.92 |
| D | 18.35 | 36.71 | 73.42 | 146.83 | 293.66 | 587.33 | 1,174.66 | 2,349.32 | 4,698.64 |
| D♯/E♭ | 19.45 | 38.89 | 77.78 | 155.56 | 311.13 | 622.25 | 1,244.51 | 2,489.02 | 4,978.03 |
| E | 20.60 | 41.20 | 82.41 | 164.81 | 329.63 | 659.26 | 1,318.51 | 2,637.02 | 5,274.04 |
| F | 21.83 | 43.65 | 87.31 | 174.61 | 349.23 | 698.46 | 1,396.91 | 2,793.83 | 5,587.65 |
| F♯/G♭ | 23.12 | 46.25 | 92.50 | 185.00 | 369.99 | 739.99 | 1,479.98 | 2,959.96 | 5,919.91 |
| G | 24.50 | 49.00 | 98.00 | 196.00 | 392.00 | 783.99 | 1,567.98 | 3,135.96 | 6,271.93 |
| G♯/A♭ | 25.96 | 51.91 | 103.83 | 207.65 | 415.30 | 830.61 | 1,661.22 | 3,322.44 | 6,644.88 |
| A | 27.50 | 55.00 | 110.00 | 220.00 | 440.00 | 880.00 | 1,760.00 | 3,520.00 | 7,040.00 |
| A♯/B♭ | 29.14 | 58.27 | 116.54 | 233.08 | 466.16 | 932.33 | 1,864.66 | 3,729.31 | 7,458.62 |
| B | 30.87 | 61.74 | 123.47 | 246.94 | 493.88 | 987.77 | 1,975.53 | 3,951.07 | 7,902.13 |
Full Note Frequency Table with MIDI Numbers and A432
Every note from C0 to B8 with its MIDI note number, its key number on an 88-key piano (A0 = key 1, C8 = key 88) and its frequency at A4 = 440 Hz and at A4 = 432 Hz. The 432 Hz values are all 1.8% lower (−31.8 cents).
Octave 0: C0 to B0 (sub-bass; C0–G♯0 are below the piano and below about 20 Hz are felt more than heard)
| Note | MIDI | Piano key | Hz (A440) | Hz (A432) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C0 | 12 | – | 16.35 | 16.05 |
| C♯0/D♭0 | 13 | – | 17.32 | 17.01 |
| D0 | 14 | – | 18.35 | 18.02 |
| D♯0/E♭0 | 15 | – | 19.45 | 19.09 |
| E0 | 16 | – | 20.60 | 20.23 |
| F0 | 17 | – | 21.83 | 21.43 |
| F♯0/G♭0 | 18 | – | 23.12 | 22.70 |
| G0 | 19 | – | 24.50 | 24.05 |
| G♯0/A♭0 | 20 | – | 25.96 | 25.48 |
| A0 | 21 | 1 | 27.50 | 27.00 |
| A♯0/B♭0 | 22 | 2 | 29.14 | 28.61 |
| B0 | 23 | 3 | 30.87 | 30.31 |
Octave 1: C1 to B1 (low B♭ and B of 5-string bass, organ pedals)
| Note | MIDI | Piano key | Hz (A440) | Hz (A432) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C1 | 24 | 4 | 32.70 | 32.11 |
| C♯1/D♭1 | 25 | 5 | 34.65 | 34.02 |
| D1 | 26 | 6 | 36.71 | 36.04 |
| D♯1/E♭1 | 27 | 7 | 38.89 | 38.18 |
| E1 | 28 | 8 | 41.20 | 40.45 |
| F1 | 29 | 9 | 43.65 | 42.86 |
| F♯1/G♭1 | 30 | 10 | 46.25 | 45.41 |
| G1 | 31 | 11 | 49.00 | 48.11 |
| G♯1/A♭1 | 32 | 12 | 51.91 | 50.97 |
| A1 | 33 | 13 | 55.00 | 54.00 |
| A♯1/B♭1 | 34 | 14 | 58.27 | 57.21 |
| B1 | 35 | 15 | 61.74 | 60.61 |
Octave 2: C2 to B2 (bass guitar and cello range, low E of the guitar)
| Note | MIDI | Piano key | Hz (A440) | Hz (A432) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C2 | 36 | 16 | 65.41 | 64.22 |
| C♯2/D♭2 | 37 | 17 | 69.30 | 68.04 |
| D2 | 38 | 18 | 73.42 | 72.08 |
| D♯2/E♭2 | 39 | 19 | 77.78 | 76.37 |
| E2 | 40 | 20 | 82.41 | 80.91 |
| F2 | 41 | 21 | 87.31 | 85.72 |
| F♯2/G♭2 | 42 | 22 | 92.50 | 90.82 |
| G2 | 43 | 23 | 98.00 | 96.22 |
| G♯2/A♭2 | 44 | 24 | 103.83 | 101.94 |
| A2 | 45 | 25 | 110.00 | 108.00 |
| A♯2/B♭2 | 46 | 26 | 116.54 | 114.42 |
| B2 | 47 | 27 | 123.47 | 121.23 |
Octave 3: C3 to B3 (guitar, baritone and tenor voice, viola)
| Note | MIDI | Piano key | Hz (A440) | Hz (A432) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C3 | 48 | 28 | 130.81 | 128.43 |
| C♯3/D♭3 | 49 | 29 | 138.59 | 136.07 |
| D3 | 50 | 30 | 146.83 | 144.16 |
| D♯3/E♭3 | 51 | 31 | 155.56 | 152.74 |
| E3 | 52 | 32 | 164.81 | 161.82 |
| F3 | 53 | 33 | 174.61 | 171.44 |
| F♯3/G♭3 | 54 | 34 | 185.00 | 181.63 |
| G3 | 55 | 35 | 196.00 | 192.43 |
| G♯3/A♭3 | 56 | 36 | 207.65 | 203.88 |
| A3 | 57 | 37 | 220.00 | 216.00 |
| A♯3/B♭3 | 58 | 38 | 233.08 | 228.84 |
| B3 | 59 | 39 | 246.94 | 242.45 |
Octave 4: C4 to B4 (middle C and A440, the centre of most melodies)
| Note | MIDI | Piano key | Hz (A440) | Hz (A432) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C4 (middle C) | 60 | 40 | 261.63 | 256.87 |
| C♯4/D♭4 | 61 | 41 | 277.18 | 272.14 |
| D4 | 62 | 42 | 293.66 | 288.33 |
| D♯4/E♭4 | 63 | 43 | 311.13 | 305.47 |
| E4 | 64 | 44 | 329.63 | 323.63 |
| F4 | 65 | 45 | 349.23 | 342.88 |
| F♯4/G♭4 | 66 | 46 | 369.99 | 363.27 |
| G4 | 67 | 47 | 392.00 | 384.87 |
| G♯4/A♭4 | 68 | 48 | 415.30 | 407.75 |
| A4 (tuning A) | 69 | 49 | 440.00 | 432.00 |
| A♯4/B♭4 | 70 | 50 | 466.16 | 457.69 |
| B4 | 71 | 51 | 493.88 | 484.90 |
Octave 5: C5 to B5 (soprano voice, flute, violin E string)
| Note | MIDI | Piano key | Hz (A440) | Hz (A432) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C5 | 72 | 52 | 523.25 | 513.74 |
| C♯5/D♭5 | 73 | 53 | 554.37 | 544.29 |
| D5 | 74 | 54 | 587.33 | 576.65 |
| D♯5/E♭5 | 75 | 55 | 622.25 | 610.94 |
| E5 | 76 | 56 | 659.26 | 647.27 |
| F5 | 77 | 57 | 698.46 | 685.76 |
| F♯5/G♭5 | 78 | 58 | 739.99 | 726.53 |
| G5 | 79 | 59 | 783.99 | 769.74 |
| G♯5/A♭5 | 80 | 60 | 830.61 | 815.51 |
| A5 | 81 | 61 | 880.00 | 864.00 |
| A♯5/B♭5 | 82 | 62 | 932.33 | 915.38 |
| B5 | 83 | 63 | 987.77 | 969.81 |
Octave 6: C6 to B6 (piccolo, high violin, top of the guitar)
| Note | MIDI | Piano key | Hz (A440) | Hz (A432) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C6 | 84 | 64 | 1,046.50 | 1,027.47 |
| C♯6/D♭6 | 85 | 65 | 1,108.73 | 1,088.57 |
| D6 | 86 | 66 | 1,174.66 | 1,153.30 |
| D♯6/E♭6 | 87 | 67 | 1,244.51 | 1,221.88 |
| E6 | 88 | 68 | 1,318.51 | 1,294.54 |
| F6 | 89 | 69 | 1,396.91 | 1,371.51 |
| F♯6/G♭6 | 90 | 70 | 1,479.98 | 1,453.07 |
| G6 | 91 | 71 | 1,567.98 | 1,539.47 |
| G♯6/A♭6 | 92 | 72 | 1,661.22 | 1,631.01 |
| A6 | 93 | 73 | 1,760.00 | 1,728.00 |
| A♯6/B♭6 | 94 | 74 | 1,864.66 | 1,830.75 |
| B6 | 95 | 75 | 1,975.53 | 1,939.61 |
Octave 7: C7 to B7 (top octave of the piano)
| Note | MIDI | Piano key | Hz (A440) | Hz (A432) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C7 | 96 | 76 | 2,093.00 | 2,054.95 |
| C♯7/D♭7 | 97 | 77 | 2,217.46 | 2,177.14 |
| D7 | 98 | 78 | 2,349.32 | 2,306.60 |
| D♯7/E♭7 | 99 | 79 | 2,489.02 | 2,443.76 |
| E7 | 100 | 80 | 2,637.02 | 2,589.07 |
| F7 | 101 | 81 | 2,793.83 | 2,743.03 |
| F♯7/G♭7 | 102 | 82 | 2,959.96 | 2,906.14 |
| G7 | 103 | 83 | 3,135.96 | 3,078.95 |
| G♯7/A♭7 | 104 | 84 | 3,322.44 | 3,262.03 |
| A7 | 105 | 85 | 3,520.00 | 3,456.00 |
| A♯7/B♭7 | 106 | 86 | 3,729.31 | 3,661.50 |
| B7 | 107 | 87 | 3,951.07 | 3,879.23 |
Octave 8: C8 to B8 (only C8 is on the piano; overtones and synths above)
| Note | MIDI | Piano key | Hz (A440) | Hz (A432) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C8 | 108 | 88 | 4,186.01 | 4,109.90 |
| C♯8/D♭8 | 109 | – | 4,434.92 | 4,354.29 |
| D8 | 110 | – | 4,698.64 | 4,613.21 |
| D♯8/E♭8 | 111 | – | 4,978.03 | 4,887.52 |
| E8 | 112 | – | 5,274.04 | 5,178.15 |
| F8 | 113 | – | 5,587.65 | 5,486.06 |
| F♯8/G♭8 | 114 | – | 5,919.91 | 5,812.28 |
| G8 | 115 | – | 6,271.93 | 6,157.89 |
| G♯8/A♭8 | 116 | – | 6,644.88 | 6,524.06 |
| A8 | 117 | – | 7,040.00 | 6,912.00 |
| A♯8/B♭8 | 118 | – | 7,458.62 | 7,323.01 |
| B8 | 119 | – | 7,902.13 | 7,758.46 |
Piano Note Frequencies: Lowest, Highest and Middle C
- Lowest piano note: A0 = 27.50 Hz (key 1, MIDI 21).
- Highest piano note: C8 = 4,186.01 Hz (key 88, MIDI 108).
- Middle C: C4 = 261.63 Hz (key 40, MIDI 60).
- Tuning A: A4 = 440.00 Hz (key 49, MIDI 69), the reference explained in A440 explained.
Real pianos are “stretch-tuned”: because stiff strings have slightly sharp overtones, tuners set the top octaves a few cents above these values and the bottom octaves a few cents below.
How to Calculate a Note’s Frequency
All values in the chart come from one formula: f = 440 × 2(m − 69)/12, where m is the MIDI note number (with the piano key number n, use 440 × 2(n − 49)/12). Example: E4 is MIDI 64, so f = 440 × 2−5/12 = 329.63 Hz. Moving up an octave doubles the frequency (A4 440 → A5 880); moving up a semitone multiplies it by 21/12 ≈ 1.05946. The full method is in how to convert notes to frequency, and MIDI numbers are used by the pitch to MIDI converter.
What Note Is This Frequency?
Most real frequencies fall between two notes. The nearest note and the offset in cents (100 cents = one semitone) for frequencies people often look up:
| Frequency | Nearest note | Note frequency | Offset (cents) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 50 Hz | G1 | 49.00 | +35.0 |
| 60 Hz | B1 | 61.74 | −49.4 |
| 100 Hz | G2 | 98.00 | +35.0 |
| 128 Hz | C3 | 130.81 | −37.6 |
| 200 Hz | G3 | 196.00 | +35.0 |
| 256 Hz | C4 | 261.63 | −37.6 |
| 432 Hz | A4 | 440.00 | −31.8 |
| 480 Hz | B4 | 493.88 | −49.4 |
| 500 Hz | B4 | 493.88 | +21.3 |
| 520 Hz | C5 | 523.25 | −10.8 |
| 528 Hz | C5 | 523.25 | +15.6 |
| 1,000 Hz | B5 | 987.77 | +21.3 |
For any other value use the frequency to note converter, or follow the method in how to convert Hz to notes. To measure the frequency of a sound itself, use the frequency detector.
Instrument and Voice Ranges in Hz
| Instrument / voice | Range (notes) | Range (Hz) |
|---|---|---|
| Piano (88 keys) | A0 – C8 | 27.50 – 4,186.01 |
| Guitar, standard tuning (22 frets) | E2 – D6 | 82.41 – 1,174.66 |
| Bass guitar, 4-string (open strings) | E1 – G2 | 41.20 – 98.00 |
| Violin | G3 – A7 | 196.00 – 3,520.00 |
| Flute | C4 – C7 | 261.63 – 2,093.00 |
| Soprano voice (typical) | C4 – C6 | 261.63 – 1,046.50 |
| Bass voice (typical) | E2 – E4 | 82.41 – 329.63 |
More instruments are in frequency ranges of instruments and voices, and every voice type is mapped in the vocal range chart.
Other Tuning Standards
The chart uses the ISO standard A4 = 440 Hz. To convert it to another reference, multiply by the new A4 divided by 440: at A4 = 442 Hz middle C is 262.81 Hz, at 432 Hz it is 256.87 Hz, and at baroque pitch A4 = 415 Hz it is 246.76 Hz. Whether 432 Hz is worth it is discussed in 432 Hz vs 440 Hz.
Note Frequency FAQ
What frequency is middle C?
Middle C (C4) is 261.63 Hz at A4 = 440 Hz, and 256.87 Hz at A4 = 432 Hz.
What is the frequency of the lowest and highest piano notes?
A0 is 27.50 Hz and C8 is 4,186.01 Hz, a range of just over seven octaves.
Do sharps and flats have the same frequency?
In equal temperament, yes: C♯ and D♭ are the same key and the same frequency. In just intonation or on fretless instruments they can differ by a few cents.
Why is C0 so low?
C0 is 16.35 Hz, below the roughly 20 Hz lower limit of hearing, so it is felt more than heard. Only organs and synthesizers reach it.
Related: how note, octave and frequency fit together is explained in frequency vs note vs octave; more reference charts are in the music charts hub.
Ornella is a music technology writer and vocal tools specialist at Pitch Detector. She creates practical content around pitch detection, note recognition, vocal analysis, and singing education tools for beginners, singers, and audio creators.